1. starch, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
2. protein, which is metabolized into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis
3. glycerol, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis
4. glucose, which is metabolized into more complex carbohydrates by dehydration synthesis

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Photosynthesis makes carbohydrates, of which starch and glucose are examples. However, glucose is a simple sugar made specifically by photosynthesis and is then combined with other glucose's to make starch by the process of dehydration synthesis. Starch doesn't get metabolized or broken down into less complex molecules by dehydration synthesis, but by hydrolysis.

1. photosynthesis
2. aerobic respiration
3. dehydration synthesis
4. fermentation

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Photosynthesis is the process of making organic food (glucose) by combining the hydrogen from water with carbon dioxide. The oxygen from splitting water is released into the atmosphere. Aerobic respiration takes in the oxygen from the atmosphere, dehydration synthesis is a mechanism of building up molecules by removing water, not oxygen, and fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration which is done in the absence of oxygen.

1. lactic acid
2. glycogen
3. carbon dioxide
4. alcohol

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration in humans. It is converted back to pyruvic acid when oxygen is again present. Glycogen is a complex carbohydrate and is the form we store our sugar in our liver, carbon dioxide is produced during anaerobic activity but also during aerobic activity, and alcohol is a waste product of anaerobic activity of certain organisms such as yeast, not humans.

1. cellulose
2. ATP
3. ethyl alcohol
4. chlorophyll

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: ATP is the molecule that stores energy made during respiration and all living organisms synthesize or make this from ADP. Cellulose is the large sugar that composes the cell walls of plants, ethyl alcohol is produced during anaerobic respiration by such organisms as yeast, and chlorophyll is the green pigment which is used to capture the suns energy in plants.

1. removal of water molecules from maltose
2. removal of carbon dioxide molecules from maltose
3. addition of water molecules to maltose
4. addition of carbon dioxide molecules to maltose

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: The process of hydrolysis, or digestion, involves adding water to split molecules apart. Maltose (C12H22O11) is split into 2 glucoses (C6H12O6) when water (H20) is added. Removing water would facilitate maltose getting larger, with the addition of another glucose. This is called dehydration synthesis. Carbon dioxide is not involved in these chemical processes.

1. high-energy inorganic compounds
2. small, soluble organic molecules
3. large, insoluble organic molecules
4. complex inorganic compounds

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: Digestion involves breaking down organic compounds into smaller, soluble (able to be dissolved in water) organic molecules, such as glucose.

1. combination of glucose molecules
2. release of energy by hydrogen removal
3. storage of energy in glycogen molecules
4. production of lactic acid

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: Enzymes are proteins that change the rate of reaction. In this case, enzymes are necessary to break down glucose at a faster rate than would occur naturally, as glucose is a very stable molecule. By breaking the glucose molecule apart, energy is released when hydrogen atoms are taken off.

1. Water is released.
2. Oxygen is released.
3. Nitrogen is absorbed.
4. Phosphorus is absorbed.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Dehydration synthesis is the process of building up molecules by removing water. A hydroxyl molecule (-OH) is broken off one organic molecule and a hydrogen atom (H) is removed from the other organic molecule. These combine to form water (H2O), a waste molecule. The two organic molecules are now unstable and bond to each other.

1. an end-product
2. a raw material
3. an energy converter
4. a hydrogen acceptor

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: Chlorophyll is a pigment that captures light energy and transfers it into usable energy in plants.

1. green
2. yellow
3. blue
4. orange

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Plants reflect green color because that wavelength of light is least usable. Blue and red wavelengths of light are the best for photosynthesis, and are therefore seen the least in plants.

1. only during digestion
2. only in the daytime
3. only in total darkness
4. all the time

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Respiration breaks down glucose, releasing the energy found within it. That energy is needed all the time for any living organism to perform life functions.

1. carbon dioxide
2. water
3. glucose
4. chlorophyll

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: In photosynthesis, the suns energy is captured by chlorophyll in the chloroplasts in plant leaves. This energy is used to split water apart in a process called photolysis. The hydrogen from the split is used, along with the energy derived from splitting the hydrogen off the water molecule, to combine with carbon dioxide to form PGAL. PGAL's combine to form glucose, which is why photosynthesis occurs. The oxygen that was split from the water molecule is released. By tagging the oxygen from the water, scientists can trace its' path.