1. thousands of American citizens were expelled from the United States
2. the Communist Party gained many members in the United States
3. many government employees were convicted of giving secrets to the Soviet Union
4. the civil liberties of American citizens were threatened

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: During the Palmer Raids of the 1920’s the headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were raided with out warrants. Also, 4,000+ people were arrested and help without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were deported. During the 1950’s the policy of “blacklisting” resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without cause.

1. Thousands of American citizens who believed in communism were either jailed or deported.
2. The reputations of many people were ruined by false accusations of disloyalty
3. Many high-ranking government officials were exposed as spies of the Soviet Union.
4. Organized groups of Communists began a wave of violent political terrorism.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: During the 1950’s the policy of “blacklisting” resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

1. American fears that the Soviets had achieved technological superiority
2. the Cold War with the United States
3. Soviet aggression in Afghanistan and China
4. disarmament discussions between the superpowers

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: The “Space Race” began in 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the first manmade satellite, Sputnik. The American government and the American people feared that control of space determine the winner in the cold war. The tension created by the cold war, along with the perceived technology gap, led the United States to pour billions of dollars into the development of a space program (NASA). The space race culminated with the quest for the moon, promised by President John F. Kennedy in 1961 and coming to fruition with Neil Armstrong’s “giant leap for mankind” in 1969.

1. Communist infiltration and the denial of civil liberties
2. farm problems and taxation
3. military preparedness and foreign aid
4. collective bargaining and the rights of unions

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: As head of the House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the US Senate, Joe McCarthy became the leader of anti-communist crusade the lasted years and ruined the lives and reputations of thousands of Americans. McCarthy espoused the belief that communist agents were infiltrating the highest levels of American government and plotting its overthrow. The resulting hysteria or “red scare” that surrounded the accusations resulted in the discrediting and “blacklisting” of thousands o innocent Americans who found themselves labeled communists or communist sympathizers.

1. Senator McCarthy did not do enough to protect the nation from a Communist conspiracy
2. the tactics of Senator McCarthy were necessary to protect the basic principles of democracy
3. free speech must be limited in times of national crisis
4. Senator McCarthy was a greater threat to the nation than Communist sympathizers were

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: As head of the House on Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the US Senate, Joe McCarthy became the leader of anti-communist crusade the lasted years and ruined the lives and reputations of thousands of Americans. McCarthy espoused the belief that communist agents were infiltrating the highest levels of American government and plotting its overthrow. The resulting hysteria or “red scare” that surrounded the accusations resulted in the discrediting and “blacklisting” of thousands o innocent Americans who found themselves labeled communists or communist sympathizers. The quote implies that the very nature of the red scare, baseless accusations, lack of evidence and no due process, were at their very nature a violation of the American way.

1. establishment of loyalty reviews of government employees
2. reduction in military defense spending
3. elimination of the Central Intelligence Agency
4. adoption of the GI Bill of Rights

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: In 1947 President Harry S. Truman ordered a Loyalty Review Board to investigate conduct of thousands of government employees. This further fueled speculation and accusation that communist sympathizers were infiltrating the US government. The case of Alger Hiss, a former advisor to FDR convicted in 1948 of spying for the Soviets in the 1930’s only helped to add to the fears. These fears would explode into the hysteria of the “red scare” which would grip the nation in the early 1950’s.

1. Labor unrest
2. Racial segregation
3. Wage and price controls
4. Loyalty oaths

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: During the mania of the red scare in the early 1950’s, many government employees, teachers, professors and others were required to take loyalty oaths or fear losing their jobs.

1. influence of defense contractors on Congress
2. threat from the Soviet Army
3. internal danger from Communist spies
4. economy’s dependence on oil imported from the Middle East

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: As the Cold War deepened in the 1950’s, the US government began to spend a greater and greater percentage of the budget on defense. This spending grew the defense industry (and such companies as Hughes Electronics, Lockheed and General Electric) into the largest sector of the US economy. Along with the growth in spending came an increase in the power and influence of the defense contractors in Washington, D.C..

1. nuclear weapons should be used to end the war
2. the war should be extended into China
3. the United States should not police the world
4. international trade would be interrupted

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: Many of the protestors opposed to US involvement in the Vietnam conflict believed the United States was overstepping its role by involving itself in Vietnam’s internal struggles. Many disagreed with the government’s assertion of the domino theory and believed that is was not the US’s role to play “policeman”.

1. severe economic depression
2. widespread support for groups promoting international anarchy
3. great growth in art, literature, and music
4. persecution of people suspected of holding anti-American political views

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: During the 1920’s the Palmer Raids on headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were conducted without warrants or probable cause. Over 4,000 people were arrested and held without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were unlawfully deported. During the 1950’s the policy of “blacklisting” resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

1. Fear of communism led to the suppression of the civil liberties of some Americans.
2. Large numbers of Russian revolutionaries set-tled in the United States.
3. Congressional investigations proved that the Federal Government was heavily infiltrated by Communist spies.
4. Renewed fighting between wartime enemies was a constant threat.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: During the 1920’s the Palmer Raids on headquarters of dissident and communist organizations were conducted without warrants or probable cause. Over 4,000 people were arrested and held without trial or access to counsel, newspapers were shut down and some legal foreigners were unlawfully deported. During the 1950’s the policy of “blacklisting” resulted in many Americans inside and outside the government loosing their jobs, without just cause, based solely on hearsay and innuendo.

1. public fear concerning the spread of communism
2. outrage over government corruption
3. dissatisfaction with the results of World War II
4. opposition to the policy of containment

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. the belief that there were Communist agents in the federal government
2. excessive spending by the United States military
3. the corruption and bribery of members of Congress
4. actions of President Harry Truman that might have led to his impeachment

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. reducing military spending
2. building a joint space station with the Soviet Union
3. constructing President Ronald Reagan’s “Star Wars” defense system
4. providing funds to improve the educational system in the United States

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. develop an effective system for spying on other countries
2. make Cold War programs a priority in United States foreign policy
3. identify Communists in the government and elsewhere in American society
4. establish a policy of détente with the Soviet Union

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren
2. President Dwight Eisenhower
3. Senator Joseph McCarthy
4. Secretary of State Dean Acheson

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. economic prosperity of the 1920s
2. Great Depression of the 1930s
3. delay in marriages during World War II
4. counterculture movement of the 1960s

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. the basic rights of citizens to own and carry guns
2. the violent activities of international terrorists
3. reckless accusations unsupported by evidence
4. questionable methods used to finance political campaigns

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. forced the United States to find new sources of fuel
2. focused attention on the need to regulate the uses of outer space
3. ended the period of peaceful coexistence between the United States and the Soviet
4. heightened the space race as a form of Cold War competition

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. to offer low-interest loans to the defense industry
2. to provide economic aid to veterans
3. to contain the spread of international communism
4. to expand career opportunities in the military

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. a decrease in the birthrate
2. a major economic depression
3. expansion of the middle class
4. shortages in the supply of luxury goods

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. eliminating child labor
2. expanding voting rights
3. increasing spending on space exploration
4. extending educational and housing opportunities

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. a federal law
2. custom and tradition
3. the elastic clause
4. a Supreme Court decision

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. buildup of Soviet missiles in Cuba
2. fear of communist influence in the United States
3. rise of the Communist Party in China
4. creation of the Warsaw Pact by the Soviet Union

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. The United States government increased funding for science and math education.
2. The Soviet Union launched the Sputnik satellite.
3. A joint Soviet-American space mission was announced.
4. President John F. Kennedy set the goal of landing a man on the Moon.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: