1. increased use of mass transit systems
2. growing prosperity of inner-city areas
3. rapid development of suburbs
4. return of city dwellers to farm areas

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: As GI’s came home from World War II, married and started families, the crowded US cities resulted in a suburban growth in areas surrounding these cities. Jobs remained in the cities and as such, workers drove from the suburbs to the cities for employment. This trend required the growth of infrastructure to facilitate these new lifestyles. The federal highway system of the 1950’s was a result.

1. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace
2. more educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groups
3. labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groups
4. new civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. national segregation policies
2. immigration quotas
3. racial prejudice
4. economic depression

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest
2. followed its policy of neutrality more strictly as World War II progressed in Europe
3. believed that the Allied policy of appeasement would succeed
4. wanted to honor the military commitments it had made just after World War I

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. arrests made as a result of the Palmer raids
2. passage of an open immi-gration law
3. internment of Japanese Americans
4. forced removal of Native American Indians from their reservations

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war
2. stop the spread of communism
3. convince the American people that war was necessary
4. create jobs to end the Great Depression

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. Many were forced to return to Japan at the conclusion of the war.
2. No Japanese Americans were allowed to serve in the United States armed services during the war.
3. Most were released after signing a loyalty oath
4. Many lost their homes and businesses

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties
2. Germany would refuse to surrender in Europe
3. an alliance was developing between Japan and the Soviet Union
4. Japan was in the process of developing its own atomic weapons

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. signing of a collective security pact with Latin American nations
2. passage of neutrality legislation forbidding arms sales to warring nations
3. embargo on the sale of gasoline and steel to Japan
4. President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s exchange of American destroyers for British naval and air bases

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. world was ready for a demonstration of nuclear power
2. Axis powers deserved total destruction
3. early ending of the war would save many lives
4. American public demanded that the bombs be used

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity .
2. Only individuals who actually commit murder during a war can be guilty of a crime.
3. Defeated nations cannot be forced to pay reparations.
4. Defeated nations can be occupied by the victors.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. the danger of war with Japan no longer existed
2. all of the interned Japanese Americans eventually became American citizens
3. the World Court ordered the United States to pay reparations
4. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. imperialism
2. appeasement
3. neutrality
4. economic sanctions

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. establishing the Good Neighbor policy with Latin American nations
2. forgiving the foreign debts incurred during World War I
3. officially recognizing the existence of the Soviet Union
4. passing a series of neutrality laws

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. Subsequent Presidents have refused to use this unsuccessful method.
2. The President’s role in shaping United States foreign policy was strengthened.
3. The President’s war powers as Commander in Chief were sharply reduced.
4. Congress increased its power over the executive branch.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. sought to meet the American public’s overwhelming demand for free-trade agreements
2. wanted to continue to play the same role it had in the League of Nations
3. recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required United States involvement
4. wanted to stop the growing influence of newly independent developing nations

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. Germany refused to pay its debts from World War I
2. European democracies supported United States policies toward Germany and Japan
3. President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not enforce the Neutrality Acts
4. Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. interdependence
2. appeasement
3. balance of power
4. collective security

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. possessed nuclear weapons
2. raised tariffs on imports
3. had collected its war debts from the Allies
4. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by World War I
2. the Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact
3. Japan declared war against the United States
4. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis
2. effectiveness of a policy of appeasement in stopping aggression
3. success of the pacifist movement in the United States
4. role of communism as a negative influence in global affairs

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. requiring employers to withhold taxes from workers’ paychecks
2. raising income tax rates
3. selling war bonds
4. enacting wage and price controls

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. continued to extend voting rights to minorities
2. protected itself from internal dissent
3. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities
4. often imposed restrictions on free speech during wartime

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. The Bill of Rights is not intended to apply to naturalized citizens
2. Racial and ethnic hostilities are effectively checked by adherence to due process of law.
3. Internment of suspected criminals is necessary during wartime.
4. Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. lack of public support for the war effort
2. fighting the war on several fronts
3. difficulty gaining congressional support
4. total reliance on naval power

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. It decreased the demand for housing.
2. It bankrupted the Social Security System.
3. It increased the need for educational resources.
4. It encouraged people to migrate to the Sun Belt.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. the creation of new job opportunities
2. the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment
3. a greater number of high-level management positions
4. greater integration in housing and schools throughout the nation

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. restricting freedom of the press
2. the president’s right to use atomic weapons
3. limiting civil liberties during wartime
4. the right of women to serve in military combat

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. Economic opportunities for women increased
2. Government regulation of the economy decreased.
3. The Great Depression worsened.
4. Racial tensions were eliminated.

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. improve diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union
2. help European nations recover economically
3. remove nuclear weapons from Western Europe
4. bring Nazi war criminals to justice

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. limit the use of atomic bombs and other nuclear weapons
2. end colonialism in Africa and Asia
3. bring German and Japanese war criminals to justice
4. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

“Korematsu was not excluded from the military

area because of hostility to him or his

race. He was excluded because we are at war

with the Japanese Empire, because the . . .

authorities feared an invasion of our West

Coast and felt constrained to take proper

security measures.”

—Justice Hugo Black

Korematsu v. United States, 1944

Which generalization is supported by this quotation?

1. Individual rights need to be maintained in national emergencies.
2. The Supreme Court lacks the power to block presidential actions taken during wartime.
3. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances.
4. Only the Supreme Court can alter the constitutional rights of American citizens.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. support the unification of Europe, by force if necessary
2. stop communist expansion in Europe
3. prevent the renewal of German aggression in Europe
4. allow the United Nations to resolve international disputes

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. gave equal support to both the Allied and Axis Powers
2. attempted to contain the spread of communism
3. maintained a strict policy of isolationism
4. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

“. . . it is known that there are Japanese residents of California who have sought to
aid the Japanese enemy by way of communicating information . . .”

— Culbert Olson, Governor of California, February 1942

This statement helped influence President Franklin D. Roosevelt to

1. ask Congress to declare war on Japan
2. force most Japanese Americans to leave the United States
3. send federal troops to guard California’s capital
4. restrict the civil liberties of Japanese Americans

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. it is difficult to convict leaders of crimes against humanity
2. civil liberties must be expanded for civilians during wartime
3. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians
4. genocidal acts are acceptable during wartime

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. help the Allies without formally declaring war
2. maintain strict neutrality toward the war
3. negotiate a settlement of the war
4. provide help to both sides in the war

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

• Cash and Carry (1937)

• Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal (1940)

• Lend-Lease Act (1941)

Which change in United States foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to World War II?

1. a shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement
2. an effort to become more neutral
3. a movement from isolationism to containment of communism
4. a desire to provide aid to both Allied and Axis powers

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. served in military combat positions
2. worked in jobs formerly held by men
3. controlled most corporations
4. chaired several congressional committees

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

Speaker A: “The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives.”
 

Speaker B: “The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender

simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island.”
 

Speaker C: “The use of the bomb was justified

because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor.”
 

Speaker D: “In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated

more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians.”

Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action?

1. A and B
2. A and C
3. B and C
4. B and D

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

Speaker A: “The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives.”
 

Speaker B: “The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island.”
 

Speaker C: “The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor.”
 

Speaker D: “In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians.”

These statements most likely were made during the

1. Versailles Peace Conference (1919)
2. 1920s
3. Great Depression
4. post–World War II period

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. strengthen the nation’s military defenses
2. provide aid to other democratic nations
3. create jobs for unemployed American workers
4. avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. use of women in military combat
2. ban against strikes by workers
3. limitations placed on civil liberties
4. reduction in the powers of the president

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. recruit women into wartime industries
2. encourage women to serve in the armed forces
3. promote women’s suffrage
4. support higher education for women

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. The arms race ended.
2. The Cold War ended.
3. Communism was eliminated.
4. Two superpowers emerged.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions
2. the United Nations accepted responsibility for international peacekeeping
3. the League of Nations could successfully enforce international law
4. nations that start wars would be forced to rebuild war-torn nations

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. a ban on German-language books
2. internment of Japanese Americans
3. exclusion of Chinese immigrants
4. adoption of the quota system of immigration

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. provide economic aid to veterans
2. reduce military expenditures
3. ban racial segregation in the armed forces
4. create government jobs for returning soldiers

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. enacting a peacetime draft law
2. passing a series of neutrality acts
3. authorizing the deportation of American Communist Party members
4. relocating Japanese Americans to internment camps

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. hold down prices of military weapons
2. increase educational benefits for veterans
3. increase imports of scarce products
4. provide more resources for the military

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. to offer low-interest loans to the defense industry
2. to provide economic aid to veterans
3. to contain the spread of international communism
4. to expand career opportunities in the military

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. were known spies for Japan
2. were seen as a security threat
3. refused to serve in the United States military
4. expressed their support for Italy and Germany

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. money borrowed from foreign governments
2. sale of war bonds
3. sale of United States manufactured goods to neutral nations
4. printing of additional paper money

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

Speaker A: “The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce.”

Speaker B: “My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week.”

Speaker C: “I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now.”

Speaker D: “I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home.”

These speakers would have made these statements during

1. World War I
2. World War II
3. the Korean War
4. the Vietnam War

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

Speaker A: “The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce.”

Speaker B: “My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week.”

Speaker C: “I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now.”

Speaker D: “I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home.”

Which situation is Speaker B describing?

1. destruction of crops during wartime
2. need for importation of food products
3. food rationing to support a war effort
4. limitation of agricultural production through farm subsidies

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I
2. create jobs for the unemployed in the military defense industry
3. support the League of Nations efforts to stop wars in Africa and Asia
4. help the democratic nations of Europe against Hitler and Mussolini

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. ban terrorists from entering the country
2. limit a group’s civil liberties
3. stop mistreatment of resident legal aliens
4. deport persons who work for enemy nations

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. The leaders in the democratic nations of Europe were educated in the United States
2. Most of the battles to defend worldwide democracy took place on American soil.
3. The United States supervised elections in European nations before the war.
4. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. work on the development of an atomic bomb
2. increase economic production to meet wartime demands
3. defend New York City against a nuclear attack
4. recruit men for the military services

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. renew support for the principle of separate but equal
2. join the armed forces in record numbers
3. increase efforts to end racial discrimination
4. move back to the rural south

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. deportation to Japan
2. mandatory military service
3. denial of voting rights
4. confinement in internment camps

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. future role of the League of Nations
2. morality of nuclear warfare
3. commitment of troops without congressional approval
4. civilian control of the military

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. coexistence
2. containment
3. imperialism
4. isolationism

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. financing overseas radio broadcasts in support of democracy
2. supplying war materials to the Allies
3. creating a weapons stockpile for use after the war
4. providing workers for overseas factories

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

“The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in

the purposes and principles of the Charter of the

United Nations and their desire to live in peace

with all peoples and all governments.

“They are determined to safeguard the freedom,

common heritage and civilization of their

peoples, founded on the principles of democracy,

individual liberty and the rule of law. . . .”

—      Preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty, 1949

This statement shows the commitment of the United States to the principle of

1. colonialism
2. neutrality
3. militarism
4. collective security

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. bring Hitler, Mussolini, and Tojo to justice
2. force Japan to pay for the attack on Pearl Harbor
3. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust
4. punish the German government for bombing England

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. maintain freedom of the seas
2. send military supplies to the League of Nations
3. limit the spread of international communism
4. avoid participation in European wars

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. increase foreign trade
2. limit the growth of industry
3. conserve raw materials for the war effort
4. encourage women to enter the workforce

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

Shortly after this executive order was signed, federal government authorities began to

1. move Japanese Americans to internment camps
2. deport German and Italian aliens
3. detain and interrogate Chinese immigrants
4. arrest the individuals who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. Neutrality Acts → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → United States declaration of war on Japan
2. Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts → United States declaration of war on Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor
3. United States declaration of war on Japan → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → Lend-Lease Act → Neutrality Acts
4. Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → United States declaration of war on Japan

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: The Japanese surprise attack on US Naval forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th, 1941 spurred the United States to immediately enter into the war against Japan with a formal US declaration coming at FDR's request the next day.

1. replace the draft near the end of World War II
2. prohibit racial discrimination in the armed forces
3. provide federal funds for veterans to attend college
4. increase the number of women working in defense industries

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: