1. statements of post-war goals for establishing world peace
2. plans of victorious nations to divide conquered territories
3. military strategies for defeating enemy nations
4. agreements between nations to eliminate further development of weapons

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: The Fourteen Points was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a post-world war I world. It was designed to avoid future conflicts and ensure autonomy for peoples around the world. It was seen as too ambitious and unworkable. As a result the League of Nations was the only major provision of the 14 points to become reality. The Atlantic Charter was a World War II era agreement between FDR and Winston Churchill, establishing principles for building lasting peace and free governments around the world.

-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

1. The needs of the government are more important than civil liberties.
2. Constitutional protections of liberty are not absolute.
3. The Supreme Court can eliminate freedoms listed in the Bill of Rights.
4. The Bill of Rights does not safeguard individual liberties.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: Schenck’s speech was anti-government and ant-war (WWI). The ruling established the ability of the government to suppress speech and press that present a danger to it or its efforts.

1. United States membership in military alliances required the nation to fight
2. United States newspapers encouraged a policy of imperialist expansion
3. the warring powers interfered with the United States right to freedom of the seas
4. President Woodrow Wilson supported the war aims of Germany and Austria-Hungary

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: During the First World War, the United States remained neutral for as long a time as possible. However, during the early part of the war in Europe the United States continued to trade heavily with the Allied nations (France and England mostly) and curbed trade with Germany and her allies. The British blockade had also begun to choke off supply lines to the Germans. The Germans reacted with a policy of ‘Unrestricted Submarine Warfare’ a policy by which any and all vessels into and out of England/France were subject to immediate sinking. This policy directly effected US trade and transport and had resulted in numerous American lives being lost (most famously in the sinking of the English luxury liner the Lusitania, which had Americans aboard when it sank).

1. did not punish the Central Powers harshly enough
2. did not give the United States an important role in world affairs
3. would require the United States to join the League of Nations and might result in a loss of United States sovereignty
4. would require the United States to assume the cost of rebuilding the war-torn European economies

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: The League of Nations was to be a worldwide peacekeeping body. Even though the league was the creation of United States President Woodrow Wilson, the US never became a member. Republican opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations doomed US membership on the basis of loss of sovereignty. Many Senators feared the Unites States being drawn into another wide scale conflict (like WWI) because of league participation involved acceptance of league decisions and actions.

1. free speech and governmental authority
2. the use of search warrants and the rights of the accused
3. state powers and Federal powers
4. religious freedom and separation of church and state

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Schenck’s speech was anti-government and ant-war (WWI). The ruling established the ability of the government to suppress speech and press that present a danger to it or its efforts.

1. make the United States, Great Britain, and France into leading world powers
2. redistribute Germany’s colonies among the Allied nations
3. prevent international tensions from leading to war
4. punish Germany for causing World War I

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: The Fourteen Points was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a post-world war I world. It was designed to avoid future conflicts and ensure autonomy for peoples around the world. It was seen as too ambitious and unworkable. As a result the League of Nations was the only major provision of the 14 points to become reality.

1. prayer in public schools is unconstitutional
2. racism in the United States is illegal
3. interstate commerce can be regulated by state governments
4. constitutional rights are not absolute

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Schenck’s speech was anti-government and ant-war (WWI). The ruling established the ability of the government to suppress speech and press that present a danger to it or its efforts. The court’s decision exemplifies the idea that rights guaranteed in the Constitution are by no means absolute and may be limited when they infringe on the rights of others or the collective good of the nation.

1. a desire to continue the reforms of the Progressives
2. the public’s desire to end most trade with other nations
3. the failure of the United States to gain new territory
4. a disillusionment over the outcomes of the war

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: The US Senate’s rejection of membership in the League of Nations and the Treaty of Versailles are the beginnings of the isolation typical of US foreign policy during the 1920’s and 30’s. The US also isolates itself economically, curbing international trade and imposing tariffs to exclude foreign goods. A series of isolationist, anti-immigration laws such as the National Origins Act and the Emergency Quota Act also serve to further isolate the US from the rest of the globe.

1. protesting the sinking of the Lusitania
2. proposing a program of civil rights for minorities in American society
3. urging the Allies to adopt the Fourteen Points
4. taking control of territories conquered in World War I

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: The Fourteen Points was Woodrow Wilson’s plan for a post-world war I world. It was designed to avoid future conflicts and ensure autonomy for peoples around the world. It was seen as too ambitious and unworkable. As a result the League of Nations was the only major provision of the 14 points to become reality. The League of Nations was to be a worldwide peacekeeping body. Even though the league was the creation of United States President Woodrow Wilson, the US never became a member. Republican opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations doomed US membership on the basis of loss of sovereignty. Many Senators feared the Unites States being drawn into another wide scale conflict (like WWI) because of league participation involved acceptance of league decisions and actions.

1. constitutional rights are not absolute
2. the Constitution guarantees the right to privacy
3. Congress can pass a law to eliminate any part of the Bill of Rights
4. all individual rights are eliminated during wartime

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Schenck’s speech was anti-government and ant-war (WWI). The ruling established the ability of the government to suppress speech and press that present a danger to it or its efforts. The Supreme Court agreed that the protection of the United States outweighed the individual right to speech and press. The ‘test’ by which speech and press were to be judged was the “clear and present danger” doctrine.

1. lowering tariff rates
2. attempting to improve relations with Asia
3. failing to sign international disarmament agreements
4. refusing to join the League of Nations

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: The League of Nations was to be a worldwide peacekeeping body. Even though the league was the creation of United States President Woodrow Wilson, the US never became a member. Republican opposition to the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations doomed US membership on the basis of loss of sovereignty. Many Senators feared the Unites States being drawn into another wide scale conflict (like WWI) because of league participation involved acceptance of league decisions and actions. This rejection of league membership and the Treaty of Versailles are the beginnings of the isolation typical of US foreign policy during the 1920’s and 30’s.

1. The freedoms guaranteed in the Bill of Rights are virtually unlimited
2. Government has the right to suspend any rights at any time.
3. Individual rights can be limited in the national interest
4. The balance between individual rights and the general social welfare almost always favors individual rights.

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: Schenck’s speech was anti-government and ant-war (WWI). The ruling established the ability of the government to suppress speech and press that present a danger to it or its efforts. The Supreme Court agreed that the protection of the United States outweighed the individual right to speech and press. The ‘test’ by which speech and press were to be judged was the “clear and present danger” doctrine.

1. end United States imperialism in Latin America
2. support tariff reform
3. send troops into Mexico to capture Pancho Villa
4. ask Congress to declare war against Germany

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. military strength is a nation’s best path to world peace
2. isolationism should guide international relations
3. the principle of self-determination should be applied to people of all nations
4. industrial nations should have equal access to colonial possessions

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. World War I
2. World War II
3. the Korean War
4. the Vietnam War

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. to overthrow the czarist government of Russia
2. to keep Latin America from being attacked by Germany
3. to maintain freedom of the seas
4. to break up the colonial empires of the Allies

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. The League of Nations requested help.
2. The Maine was blown up in Havana Harbor.
3. Nazi tyranny threatened Western democracy.
4. German submarines sank United States merchant ships.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. to keep the United States free from foreign entanglements
2. to express opposition to the harsh sanctions imposed on Germany
3. to avoid the dues for membership in the League of Nations
4. to reduce United States military forces in Europe

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. making the world safe for democracy
2. retaliating against the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor
3. assisting the neutral nations with their defense
4. removing the Nazi threat from the Western Hemisphere

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. clear and present danger test
2. states’ rights principle
3. separate but equal doctrine
4. popular sovereignty principle

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. involve the nation in future military conflicts
2. reduce freedom of the seas
3. end the country’s free-trade policy
4. endanger the nation’s military preparedness

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. protesting against the war
2. joining the military service
3. lobbying for child-care facilities
4. working in wartime industries

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. failed to include most of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
2. did not punish Germany for starting the war
3. contained provisions that might lead the United States into foreign conflicts
4. made no provision for reduction of military weapons

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. success of military desegregation
2. efforts of the civil rights movement
3. availability of new factory jobs
4. impact of affirmative action programs

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. establishing a League of Nations
2. maintaining a permanent military force in Europe
3. returning the United States to a policy of isolationism
4. blaming Germany for causing World War I

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. limited the powers of the president
2. placed limits on freedom of speech
3. clarified standards for a fair trial
4. expanded the rights of persons accused of crimes

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. Bolshevik forces increased their strength in Germany and Italy.
2. Britain was invaded by nations of the Central Powers.
3. Russia signed a treaty of alliance with the Central Powers.
4. Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. neutrality and containment
2. appeasement and internationalism
3. isolationism and involvement
4. interventionism and détente

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. gain additional colonial possessions
2. react to the bombing of Pearl Harbor
3. honor prewar commitments to its military allies
4. safeguard freedom of the seas for United States ships

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. refusing to permit trade with either side in the conflict
2. sending troops to aid Great Britain
3. declaring American neutrality
4. requesting an immediate declaration of war against the aggressors

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. the United States should enter World War I immediately
2. reform movements are strengthened by war
3. the nation will require a change in leadership if it goes to war
4. the Progressive movement would be best served by continued peace

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. establish a peacetime draft
2. restrict first amendment rights
3. suspend habeas corpus
4. limit minority voting rights

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. were concerned about future United States obligations in foreign affairs
2. rejected United States colonial practices in Asia
3. wanted immediate repayment of war debts from France
4. supported increased foreign aid to Germany

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: