1. They maintained control of their traditional lands.
2. They benefited economically from government policy.
3. They became farmers and small business owners.
4. They were forced to live on reservations.

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Beginning in the 1830’s the United States fought a series of Indian Wars designed to aid the US concept of Manifest Destiny (the idea the nation needed to grow as much as possible). Many native peoples, realizing their inability to fight the advancing American armies, signed treaties that allowed the sovereignty (self rule) on parcels of land (reservations).

—General Philip Sheridan

1. Native American Indians were granted farmland under the Homestead Act.
2. The disappearance of their economic base helped drive Native American Indians onto reservations.
3. Many Native American Indians moved to Eastern cities to work in factories.
4. Most Native American Indians migrated to Canada to find new ways to earn a living.

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation: The Buffalo had become closely linked to the subsistence of many Native American tribes in the mid-west and western regions of the US. Forced into nomadic lifestyles, many tribes lived following the massive herds of Buffalo that migrated around the plains. As a result of this close linkage, many tribal cultures went into massive decline as the Buffalo population was decimated.

1. Reconstruction
2. racial equality
3. manifest destiny
4. conservation of natural resources

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: Manifest destiny was the philosophical concept that the United States destiny was to expand from coast to coast. This was aided by transportation routes such as the transcontinental railroad and populations increased out west as free land was allocated by the Homestead Act (required a 5 year residency requirement).

1. passing an increased number of liberal immigration laws
2. selling the most fertile public land to Native American Indians
3. providing free transportation to settlers moving to the frontier
4. granting tracts of land to railroad companies to encourage construction

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Much of the western railroad system was encouraged by land grants from the federal government. This system aided the spread of rail lines westward, but was also froth with corruption and scandal as kickbacks and bribes were commonplace in determining where the railroad was to be placed.

1. should be preserved for free use by all the people
2. has mirrored European values and social patterns
3. will continue indefinitely as a region to be colonized
4. has had a positive effect on the growth of the United States

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: The expansion of the United States westward was a complex process that displaced native tribes, cost millions in corrupt railroad construction and brought on a war with Mexico. However, the ultimate completion of manifest destiny brought great economic growth and opportunity to the nation and catapulted the US onto the world stage as a nation on par with the empires of Europe.

1. destroy tribal bonds and thus weaken their traditional cultural values
2. grant them full citizenship and due process
3. give their tribal groups authority over their own affairs
4. increase the land holdings of western tribes

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: It was thought that by weakening traditional cultural practices, the Native Americans would more easily assimilate into American society.

1. widespread support for the Populist Party
2. necessity for families to have many children
3. a predominantly agricultural and mining economy
4. significant opportunities for social and economic mobility

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: The frontier offered a fresh start for many Americans who had failed to achieve desired success in the eastern cities or for whom opportunities and land were scarce. The desire for opportunity was the motivating factor for many pioneers.

1. discovery of gold in California --> Louisiana Purchase
2. building of the transcontinental railroad --> disappearance of the frontier
3. settling of the Oregon Territory --> passage of the Homestead Act
4. assimilation of Native American Indians into American society --> passage of the Dawes Act

Correct Answer Number: 2

Explanation:

1. placing Native American Indian tribes on reservations
2. requiring Native American Indians to settle west of the Mississippi River
3. granting immediate citizenship to Native American Indians
4. forcing Native American Indians to assimilate into American culture

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: It was thought that by weakening traditional cultural practices, the Native Americans would more easily assimilate into American society.

1. disputes over the spread of slavery
2. conflict with Mexico over Texas and California
3. the search for gold in California
4. the movement of settlers onto the Great Plains

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. restore previously taken land to Native American Indian tribes
2. maintain traditional Native American Indian cultures
3. assimilate Native American Indians into American culture
4. end all governmental contact with Native American Indians

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. limit the power of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
2. return eastern land to Native American Indian tribes
3. encourage Native American Indians to give up their traditional cultures
4. hire Native American Indians as military scouts

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. encourage settlement of the West
2. set up reservations for Native American Indians
3. establish land-grant agricultural colleges
4. assist in the construction of transcontinental railroads

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. set aside reservations for Native American Indians
2. created the Department of Agriculture to aid farmers
3. encouraged settlement of the Great Plains
4. provided land to build a canal system

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation:

1. providing free land to settlers
2. granting land for construction of transcontinental railroads
3. allowing slavery to spread to the territories
4. placing Native American Indians on reservations

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation:

1. along the major rivers and lakes of the Midwest
2. near large cities in the Northwest
3. in sparsely populated regions of the West
4. east of the Mississippi River

Correct Answer Number: 3

Explanation: Many Western tribes saw their cultures marginalized by reservation and concentration policies of the late 1800's, which saw them confined to reservations in harsh and isolated lands. Many tribes such as the Sioux were subjected to repeated relocation, eventually ending up in "Indian Territory" in what would become modern day Oklahoma, as white settlement of the west demanded increasingly greater access to Indian held lands and resources.

1. reduction of exports to Asian nations
2. restoration of a plantation economy in the South
3. formation of alliances with other nations
4. rise of United States imperialism

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation: Many observers point to the 1890 census declaration that the "West was closed" as a motivating factor in the growth of demands for the US acquisition of territory outside North America. The end of the frontier meant that America's drive West could only continue overseas. This also merged with the growing demands of industry for greater access to markets overseas for American made products, as well as demands for greater amounts of raw materials to feed the production of those manufactured goods. Both of these factors would result in US Imperialism, as the US colonized lands such as Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines.

1. Native American Indians
2. western farmers
3. railroad companies
4. European immigrants

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: Many Native American tribes practiced communal (group) ownership of land, in particular fields for communal farming. This can be related to a key issue in the Dawes Act of 1887, which allocated land by individual and threatened a long held cultural value of many Native American tribes.

1. rise of organized labor
2. building of the Erie Canal
3. northern migration of African Americans
4. decline of the Plains Indians

Correct Answer Number: 4

Explanation:

1. an increase in production
2. less dependence on railroads by farmers
3. fewer agricultural exports
4. the decreasing size of the average farm

Correct Answer Number: 1

Explanation: